Automatic temperature-controlling means



Apr. 24,1923,

' 1,452,748 H. c.\ MALLORY AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING MEANS Filed Feb. 17 1916 1 l n i /E w 6 Patents Apr. 24, 1923.

o STATES HARRY C. FIALLORY, OF BELLPORT, NEW YORK.

AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLING MEANS.

Application filed February To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY C. MALDORY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bellport, in the county of Suffolk and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Temperature-Controlling Means, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to improvements in means for automatically controlling the temperature of a circulating medium, such for example as the cooling fluid in an internal combustion engine, and has particular reference to the provision of means whereby the temperature of the circulating fluid is maintained substantially constant under varying operating conditions.

The invention 1s not restricted in its application to internal combustion engines, but is capable of use enerally in temperature controlled circulatlng systems for heating,

cooling, refrigeration, and the like, and the specific application shown herein is by way of example only.

According to this invention, I provide a circulating system having a normal or full capacity path of one resistance, and a shorter or by-pass path of less resistance, and provide an automatic temperature controlled valve which more or less cuts off the shorter or lower resistance path in accordance with variations in the temperature of the circulating medium. Of course, the operation could be reversed and the higher resistance path controlled by the thermostatically actuated valve in the same man ner. By this invention, it is provided that there is always an open path of circulation of the cooling water between the engine and the radiator,for example, and thereby there is no danger of damage being caused by failure of the valve to act. When the temperature of the water is raised, the valve operates to more and more restrict the circulation through the normally open path of lower resistance, and thus the hotter water circulates to a larger extent through the large radiator cooling surface, thereby be coming cool and thence being returned to the engine jackets in the usual manner. The resistance of the longer path through the radiator is naturally greater than that of the shorter path through the bypass, and this difference may be somewhat increased by ar- 17, 1916. Serial No. 78,825.

ranging the by-pa'ss connection to the water jacket outlet pipe at a lower level than the outlet connection to the top of the radiator. It is also within the scope of this invention to artificially increase the resistance of one path by means of a retarder when found desirable.

The accompanying drawings show an application of the invention to the cooling system of an internal combustion engine, whereinl Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view, and

Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the controllingvalve.

1 represents an internal combustion engine having a water inlet 2 at the bottom, 3 is a pump, 4 is the cooled water supply pipe leading from the bottom 5 of a radiator 6. 7 is the upper part of the radiator connected by pipe 8 to-valve casing 9, valve casing 9 being connected by a pipe 10, at a lower level than pipe 8 to the hot water outlet 11 on top of the engine 1. by-pass which is connected between the pipe 4 and the valve casing 9. valve casing 9 is provided with a valve seat 14 which is controlled by a valve 15 carried on a thermostatic bellows 16. The thermostatic bellows 16 comprises a flexible corrugated wall which is attached to a head 17 screwed into the top of casing 9. Also carried, by the head 17 and within the bellows 16 is a shell 18. The lower end 20 of the shell 18 acts as a stop and guide for the valve stem 19. The interior of the bel- 12 is a In Fig. 2, the

lows 16, and outside of the shell 18 is charged with a volatile liquid which expands 4 when a predetermined temperature is reached to lengthen out the bellows and more or less close valve 15. The hot water pipe 10 is at a lower level than the pipe 8, and thus there is a smaller difference in static head between pipe 10 and pipe 4 than between the upper end of pipe 8 and the i invention is applicable to temperature increases, the resilient bellows 16 expands and tends to close valve 15, thus increasing theresistance of the short path 12, until the valve closes and cuts off the short path entirely. More and more water drawing, and in case of accident to the thermostat, such as leakage, it will expand owing to its own resiliency and the valve will be closed, thus avoiding overheating of the engine. In practice,the thermostat will be partly filled with a volatile fluid in a vacuum, so that-ordinary atmospheric pressure will hold the bellows collapsed against its own resiliency, but the vaporization of the fluid produces sufiicient internal pressure to overcome atmospheric pressure against the bellows and close the valve when the pre determined temperature is obtained.

It will be seen that the principle of this either water or air cooled internal combustion engines, and also to heating and refrigerating systems of various characters wherein it is desired to maintain a constant water circulation. It will also be seen that the invention is applicable to thermosyphon systems of engine cooling, in which the pump 8 is simply omitted.

In the case of a motor boat, the bypass will be connected between the hot water outlet from the engine cylinders,'and the cold water inlet to the pump. Owing to the absence of the radiator, with its increased resistance, the retarding device 23 can ad; vantageously be used in the hot water out let beyond the bypass connection.

By this invention, the fluid flow through the radiator is at no time'obstructed by the thermostatic valve, and the shorterby-pass passage is only obstructed when the'circu-*'-' lating fluid is at the predetermined temper.

ature, which provides a much safer system than those heretofore proposed wherein the radiator passage is shut off when the water is cold. By maintaining unobstructed the conduits between the engine jacket and the radiator, it assured that steam pockets cannot form about the cylinders within the engine jacket. Such steam pockets are likely to form if the free circulation of the water is prevented in any way and the result is a burn out of the cylinder walls or the combustion chamber shells, hence the importance accents as the same constitutes the subject matter claimed in my copending application, Serial No. 102,115, filed June 7, 1916,

Having thus described my invention, I declare that what 1 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an internal combustion engine cooling system the combination with a radiator and an engine cooling space having its inlet and outlet for cooling fluid connected to said radiator to form a permanently open fluid circulating system, ofa conduit connection between said inlet and outlet forming a by-pass about the radiator, a valve controlling flow through said by-pass, and thermostatic actuating means for the valve subjected to a temperature which is approxiniately that ol the cooling fluid when the latter passes out of said cooling space.

2; In an internal combustion engine cooling system, the combination with the engine cooling space, of the radiator, and upper outflow and lower return conduits connecting the radiator to the cooling space to form a permanently open fluid circulating system, said outflow conduit including a valve casing comprising a chamber provided with a port through which said chamber communicates with said cooling space, and with a second port through which said chamber communicates with the radiator, and pro-- vided with a valve seated port in the bottom wall of the chamber, and located at a level appreciably below that of said second port,

a valve controlling said valve seated port and comprising an actuating element located .in. said chamber and responsive to the temer-am therein, and a conduit connection from said valve seated port to said return flow conduit whereby a thermostatically con trolled by-pass about the radiator between said outflow and return conduits is provided. 81 .9111 internal combustion engine, a fluid containing casing therefor, a radiator, two conduits connecting said casing and radiator forming therewith I a permanently unobstructed fluid circulating system, a by-pass shunting the radiator, a valve controlling said bypass. and a bellows thermostat in the outflow conduit from the casing controlling said valve, said thermostat containing a volatile fluid at less than atmospheric pressure under ordinary conditions whereby the thermostat will operate the valveon the side of safety in case air is admitted thereto.

4. In temperature control system the combination with bodies at difier'ent relative temperatures of connections for fluid to pass from one of said bodies to the other comprisin a casing having an inlet in one side, an out et opposite the inlet, and an intermediate outlet through one end, of a shell mounted in the other end of said casing, and

a a bellows thermostat attached to said shell at its open end and having a closed end carrying a valve cooperating only with said intermediate outlet.

5. In temperature control system the combination with bodies at different relative temperatures of connections for fluid to pass from one of said bodies to the other comprising a casing having ,an inlet in one side, an outlet opposite the inlet, and an intermediate outlet through one end, of a shell mounted in the other end of said casing, and a bellows thermostat attached to said shell at its open end and having a closed end carrying a valve cooperating with said intermediate outlet, said shell having means for guiding the valve.

6. In temperature control system the combination with bodies at different relative ed in the other end of said casin temperatures of connections for fluid to pass from one of said bodies to the other comprising a casing having an inlet in one side, an outlet opposite the inlet, and an intermediate outlet through one end, of a shell mountbetween said first-mentioned inlet and out et, and a bellows thermostat surrounding said shell and attached thereto at its open end, said thermostat having its opposite end provided with a valve cooperating with said intermediate outlet.

7. In temperature control system the combination with bodies at different relative temperatures of connections for fluid to pass from one of said bodies to the other comprising a casing having an inlet in one side inter-.

mediate its ends, an outlet in the opposite side above said inlet, an intermediate outlet below said inlet and outlet, a thermostat in the diagonal line of flow betweensaid inlet and elevated outlet, and a' valve carried by said thermostat and cooperating only with said intermediate outlet.

In testimony whereof I afiix my si nature.

- HARRY C. MALL RY. 

